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A bi-weekly audio series and podcast service, hosted by Committee on Conscience Project Director Bridget Conley-Zilkic, that brings you the voices of human rights defenders, experts, advocates, and government officials. Vital voices addressing one of humanity's most vital issues. The opinions expressed in these interviews do not necessarily represent those of the Museum.

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From Boys to Men
Interview: In May 2007 filmmaker Jen Marlowe and journalist David Morse accompanied several southern Sudanese 'lost boys' back to their homes. The 'lost boys' were children who were forced to flee attacks on their villages in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Jen Marlowe, the award winning director of Darfur Diaries, speaks with Jerry Fowler about the current political landscape of southern Sudan and the connections to the crisis in Darfur. Samuel Mayoul Garang, one of the 'lost boys,' highlights his experience as a refugee living in the United States, his reunion with his family after 20 years of separation, and his future plans to start a school in southern Sudan.
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Darfur and Southern Sudan:  Similar Obstacles to Achieving Peace
Interview: Roger Winter is one of the leading voices on Sudan. Roger worked for many years as the Executive Director of the United States Committee for Refugees. In 2001, Roger became a high ranking official for the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) where he was involved in negotiations to end the conflict in Southern Sudan. Roger speaks to Jerry Fowler about the common threads between the issues of Darfur and Southern Sudan.
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“Pronking” 1769
The former UN envoy to Sudan, Jan Pronk, sharpy criticized Security Council Resolution 1769 on Thursday. Money quote from the story by Reuters correspondent Opheera McDoom:
While conceding that the resolution to dispatch troops was not good, Pronk said "anything is better at the moment (than) not doing anything and just talking".

But he criticised diplomats who negotiated the resolution in New York as "amateurs" playing to their own audiences.

"This is a quick fix in order to please the population in the countries of the West," said Pronk, the former head of the U.N.'s Sudan mission.

"There is no reason for euphoria."
In contrast, US Ambassador to the UN Zalmay Khalilzad responded to similar criticism in a letter to the Washington Post on Wednesday. Money quote:
I take exception to the assertion in your Aug. 4 editorial "Progress on Darfur" that there is "no ready means to exert pressure" on the government of Sudanese President Omar Hassan al Bashir in the most recent U.N. Security Council resolution. I hope the government of Sudan doesn't similarly misread Resolution 1769, as there will be serious consequences should it do so.
He doesn't specify what the "serious consequences" would be (nor does the resolution itself), but asserts that "the entire Security Council [is] responsible to respond with the necessary pressure against those seeking to upset the path toward peace in Darfur."

One might be pardoned for thinking that after 3+ years of relatively little pressure from the entire Security Council, Khartoum is not particularly concerned about how the Security Council might carry out this responsibility.

(UN photo of Jan Pronk (left) by Mark Garten; UN Photo of Zalmay Khalilzad (right) by Paulo Filgueiras).

All for One?
Darfur's fractious rebels reportedly have agreed on a common framework for negotiating with the Sudanese government. This would be important because one significant obstacle to a meaningful peace process for Darfur is the disarray among the rebels, who have splintered multiple times since May 2006. It remains to be seen how robust this framework will be and how much unity the various factions can summon if and when there is a serious negotiation process.

1-7-6-9
The UN Security Council took up Darfur again this week, passing Resolution 1769, which authorizes the creation and deployment of a hybrid United Nations-African Union force (to be known as "UNAMID"). About this time last year, the Security Council adopted Resolution 1706, which authorized a UN force for Darfur. That force never came about -- a first in UN history, I understand -- because Sudan refused to agree to its deployment. Now, Khartoum has agreed to UNAMID, at least in theory.

But that doesn't mean it can't impede, resist, hinder and delay every step of the way. And it can do that without much fear of repercussion, because the price of China's support for 1769 was the removal of any threat of sanctions for non-compliance. Add to that a less-than-urgent schedule for UNAMID's deployment and serious issues of where the forces will actually come from -- Khartoum has demanded that the force be "primarily of an African character" but it's not clear whether significant additional African forces are even available -- and one can't be optimistic that greater protection for civilians in Darfur is very much closer.

Back
So I took a little break from regular blogging over the past couple of months as I wrapped up my time in California teaching at Claremont McKenna College and took a long road trip with my family back to the DC area. But now I'm back, ensconced at the Holocaust Museum full time and ready to blog. And there's a lot to blog about. Stay tuned . . .

(Photo © Toesoxlover, made available under a Creative Commons license.)

Congo: Beauty and Destruction
Interview: Colin Thomas-Jensen is a Policy Advisor to Enough. In an interview with Jerry Fowler, he discusses the current situation in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, the vast contrast between its beauty and tragedy and response of the international community.
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A Thousand Days in Refuge
Interview: Michael Graham is the coordinator of the Museum’s Genocide Prevention Mapping Initiative, which launched Crisis in Darfur, a joint effort with Google to illuminate the genocide in Darfur using Google Earth. He speaks to Jerry Fowler about his recent trip to Eastern Chad as well as the Museum’s unprecedented online mapping initiative.
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Who Will Lead the Way?
Interview: Dr. Eric Reeves is a Sudan analyst and researcher. He is also a Professor at Smith College and author of A Long Days Dying: Critical Moments in the Darfur Genocide. Eric speaks with Jerry Fowler about the declining situation in Darfur and Eastern Chad, the prospects of a hybrid force, and the ownership of the peace process.
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What the Committee on Conscience Staff is Reading
Laws Without Justice: An Assessment of Sudanese Laws Affecting Survivors of Rape, Refugees International Report. An examination of Sudanese law as it relates to rape and a series of recommendations of change in an effort to stop the law from marginalizing rape victims and protecting offenders. (Jackie Scutari).

SUDAN: Climate change - only one cause among many for Darfur conflict An IRIN analysis of global warming as one of many contributing factors to conflict in Darfur. (Jackie Scutari).

South Sudan: Returning Sudanese Need More Help to Restart their Lives, Refugees International Report. An exploration of challenges facing the Southern Sudanese diaspora. With the return of displaced and exiled persons to the South comes a great need for lacking resources. (John Heffernan).

King Leopold’s Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa by Adam Hochschild (Azita Mamdouhi).

We Know Their Names by John Prendergast and Colin Thomas-Jensen. Prendergast and Thomas-Jensen bring attention to three genocidal perpetrators in Darfur who have not been held responsible for their actions by the United States government. (Elizabeth Milligan).

On Ban Ki-moon, Darfur, and Global Warming, from The Guardian Eric Reeves criticizes Ban Ki-moon's claim that the global warming is responsible for the genocide in Darfur, suggesting that such statements distract from Khartoum's own responsibility to preventable atrocities. (John Heffernan).

Responsibility to Protect (Elizabeth Milligan).

Times Select Subscribers (students can subscribe for free from any '.edu' domain): He Rang the Alarm on Darfur , article by NY Times Columnist Nicholas Kristof. Kristof exposes the efforts of Roger Winter, US "hero" for Darfur. Winter, after witnessing the Clinton administration's failure to protect Rwandan civilians in 1994, worked tirelessly to call attention to atrocities in Darfur as they began. (John Heffernan)

Unfinished Business
Interview: Dr. Gerard Prunier is a researcher at the French National Center for Scientific Research. He joins us from his office in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to discuss with Jerry Fowler his recent trip to Southern Sudan and the progress in Darfur.
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Special Episode - Memory and Witness with Elie Wiesel
Interview: Nobel Peace Laureate Elie Wiesel discusses the importance of remembering and bearing witness.
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China’s Rocky Road to Popularity
Interview: Susan Shirk is a Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego and Director of the University of California Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation. The former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asia and Pacific Affairs and author of the new book, China: Fragile Superpower, Dr. Shirk joins Jerry Fowler to discuss China’s complex global rise as it attempts to maintain stable internal affairs. Professor Shirk examines how China’s preoccupation with its international reputation relates to the 2008 Olympic Games and accusations of the country’s complicity in the Darfur genocide.
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Bringing the Dream to Darfur
Interview: Jill Savitt, director of the Olympic Dream for Darfur campaign, speaks with Jerry Fowler about the contradiction between Beijing hosting the 2008 Olympic Games, having chosen the slogan "One World, One Dream," and China's close economic relationship with Sudan during the Darfur genocide. Savitt explains the goals of the Olympic Dream for Darfur campaign, why the campaign does not advocate a boycott of the Olympics, and how citizens can become involved.
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Part II: What To Do About Darfur
Interview: Sudan analysts John Prendergast and Alex de Waal continue the debate about how best to resolve the conflict in Darfur.
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